Why Is Fez Considered Morocco’s Imperial City?

Picture yourself stepping into a labyrinth of narrow alleys, where the air hums with the chatter of artisans and the scent of fresh mint tea wafts from hidden courtyards. That’s Fez for you – Morocco’s beating heart of culture and history. As someone who’s wandered these streets more times than I can count, I can tell you it’s not just a city; it’s an adventure that pulls you in and doesn’t let go. Founded back in 789 by Idris I and expanded by his son, Fez stands as the oldest of Morocco’s imperial cities, a UNESCO World Heritage site brimming with scholarly legacy and vibrant traditions. Whether you’re a history buff, a food lover, or just chasing that wanderlust spark, Fez offers personalised journeys that blend cultural immersion with unforgettable Moroccan escapades. In this guide, I’ll share my insights on why Fez earns its imperial crown, along with tips to make your visit truly special.

Table of Contents

• Introduction to Fez: A Mosaic of Culture and Colour
• Fez’s Rich Historical Significance as the Oldest Imperial City
• Navigating the Lively Streets of Fez’s Old Town
• Top Attractions in Fez, Morocco
• Unveiling Fez’s Hidden Treasures
• Indulge in Fez’s Culinary Delights
• Guided Tours and Day Trips from Fez
• Practical Tips for Your Fez Morocco Holiday
• Suggested 3-Day Itinerary in Fez
• Why Fez Should Be on Your Morocco Holidays List

Introduction to Fez: A Mosaic of Culture and Colour

Fez in Morocco evokes visions of vibrant hues, rich history, and profound philosophical depths. It’s the eldest among Morocco’s imperial cities – Fez, Meknes, Marrakech, and Rabat – and undeniably the most captivating. The Medina, a UNESCO-listed gem, is home to the world’s oldest university, Al-Qarawiyyin, which has drawn scholars for centuries. On my last visit, I felt that pull; philosophers still gather here, mingling with backpackers, honeymooners, adventure seekers, and food enthusiasts. Fez’s bustling, colourful vibe is infectious – a town that begs to be explored. If you’re planning a holiday in Fez, Morocco, trust me, it’s a must.

Overview of the bustling Fez Medina, a UNESCO World Heritage site full of history and culture.

Fez isn’t just about sights; it’s about immersion. Imagine sipping tea in a riad courtyard, chatting with locals about ancient crafts. That’s the magic – Fez’s hidden treasures await around every corner. Fez’s hidden gems, such as quiet gardens and artisan workshops, make every stroll a discovery. And with its eco-friendly riads and cultural respect baked in, it’s perfect for mindful travellers.

Fez’s Rich Historical Significance as the Oldest Imperial City

The imperial cities of Morocco – Fez, Meknes, Marrakech, and Rabat – each hold a piece of the kingdom’s storied past. Fez, founded in 789 by Idris I on the east bank of the Wadi Fez and expanded by Idris II in 809 to the west, has reigned as the capital under various dynasties, although Rabat holds that title today. It’s Medina, one of the largest car-free urban areas in the world, and it pulses with life. From my experiences guiding friends through its alleys, I advise pairing with a local expert – those narrow paths, alive with vendors, donkey carts, and street food, can turn chaotic in a blink. Yet, that’s part of the charm: blind turns opening to fountain-adorned squares, ornate doorways, and fascinating artisans.

Fez’s scholarly heritage shines through. The University of Al-Qarawiyyin, established in 859, remains a beacon for learning. Scholars from afar once flocked here, and today, any inquisitive traveller should visit to admire its architecture and absorb the legacy of thinkers who passed through.

Fez also beckons those on Jewish heritage pilgrimages. The Mellah quarter tells tales of a thriving community, with sites like the Ibn Danan Synagogue offering poignant glimpses into its past. People here are welcoming, the city is secure, but navigation? Tricky without help. Still, its history and culture make it irresistible.

Navigating the Lively Streets of Fez’s Old Town

The Fez Medina, home to nearly 100,000 residents, thrums with energy. It’s easy to lose days here – sightseeing, savouring meals, shopping, inhaling scents, and mingling with locals. We recommend staying in one of our handpicked riads or hotels, featured in our Morocco holidays and luxury desert tours. From there, dive into the Medina’s wonders. Here’s a list of must-sees:

• The Chaouwara Tanneries: Witness ancient leather crafting in vibrant vats.
• Art Naji: Observe potters shaping exquisite ceramics.
• Jnan Sbil Gardens: A serene escape with fountains and flora.
• The Royal Palace: Admire the golden gates and zellij work.
• Medersa Bou Inania: Marvel at 14th-century Islamic architecture.
• Ibn Danan Synagogue: Explore Jewish heritage in the Mellah.
• Rue des Merinides: Panoramic views from Merenid Tombs.
• Nejjarine Museum: Arts and Crafts in a Historic Fondouk.

Pro tip: For Fez Medina tours, comfortable shoes are key – those cobbles can be unforgiving!

Top Attractions in Fez, Morocco

The Chaouwara Tanneries

Artisans at Fez’s Chaouwara leather tannery hand-dye and treat goat and cow hides in vibrant stone vats, preserving a centuries-old Moroccan craft.

The Chaouwara Tanneries vividly showcase Fez’s leather heritage, believed to be one of the world’s oldest, dating back nearly 1,000 years to the 11th century. Located in Fes el Bali, this UNESCO-listed site features honeycomb-like stone vats filled with natural dyes from poppy, indigo, and henna, where artisans process hides using pigeon droppings for softening—a process that has remained unchanged for centuries. Watch workers stomp hides waist-deep in colourful liquids; it’s a mesmerising, educational spectacle, though the ammonia scent is intense—grab mint leaves from guides to mask it. During my visits, I’ve bartered for exquisite leather goods, such as bags, in nearby cooperatives; the quality is unmatched, reflecting Morocco’s enduring crafts amid its sustainability efforts.

Visit in the mornings for the freshest dyes and fewer crowds; entry is free, but a tip is appreciated for the terrace views (20-50 MAD). Pair with a guided tour to navigate safely and learn about environmental challenges.

Art Naji

At Art Naji, a family-run pottery workshop founded in 1930 by the Fakhari brothers, artisans craft masterpieces that blend ancient Moroccan techniques with modern designs. Spanning 4,000 square metres with over 400 craftsmen, it produces intricate zellij tiles, plates, bowls, and tagines using local clay moulded on wheels and hand-painted in vibrant blues, greens, and golds. The site offers free guided tours of the production process, from clay preparation to kiln firing, showcasing Andalusian and Berber influences. I once joined a workshop where we spun clay into a simple bowl—it’s hypnotic and highlights Fez’s creative soul, preserving endangered crafts. Ideal for souvenirs, with worldwide shipping. Prices reflect premium quality, and bargaining is welcome.

Visit mid-morning near Place Seffarine to watch artisans at work; book workshops (200-500 MAD) for hands-on fun. Combine this exploration with Medina to see how these ceramics adorn riads, supporting local artistry.

Jnan Sbil

Peaceful pathways in Jnan Sbil Gardens, Fez.

Jnan Sbil Gardens, created around 1880 by Sultan Moulay Hassan I, span 7.5 hectares as a lush oasis between Fes el-Bali and el-Jdid, and were opened to the public in 1917. They were restored between 2007 and 2011. This Andalusian-style haven features symmetrical paths, geometric fountains, bamboo groves, palms, citrus trees, and exotic cacti, irrigated by ancient norias waterwheels. Locals and visitors unwind amid bird coops and shaded benches; it’s my go-to spot for reflection amid Fez’s urban whirl, where I often picnic under orange blossoms. Significance includes promoting biodiversity and tranquillity in the bustling Medina, with free concerts during festivals.

Visit early in the morning for quiet immersion or in spring/autumn for mild weather and blooms; entry is free, and the garden is open Tuesday through Sunday. Bring snacks—vendors are nearby—and avoid Fridays when crowds are at their peak. Pair with the Bou Jeloud Gate for a seamless green escape.

The Royal Palace

Dar el-Makhzen, the Royal Palace, dates back to the 13th-century Marinid era, with major expansions under the Alaouite dynasty from the 17th century, spanning 80 hectares and serving as King Mohammed VI’s residence in Fez. This fortified complex includes mosques, schools, and lush gardens, epitomising Moroccan grandeur through intricate zellij tilework, geometric patterns, and carved cedar doors. The iconic golden brass gates at Place des Alaouites, adorned with mosaics, are the main draw—stunning exteriors whisper of royal history near the Jewish Mellah. I’ve lingered there, imagining opulent interiors; it’s a symbol of the monarchy’s continuity amid Fez’s cultural tapestry. Significance lies in reflecting dynastic power and craftsmanship.

Visiting: Free exterior views from the square; no interiors open. Go afternoons for golden light photography; respect guards. Combine with Mellah exploration for historical depth.

Medersa Bou Inania

A central marble fountain in the courtyard of Bou Inania Madrasa, framed by intricate zellij tilework and carved cedarwood, showcases the artistry of Marinid architecture in Fez’s historic Medina.

Built between 1351 and 1356 by Marinid Sultan Abu Inan Faris, Medersa Bou Inania is Morocco’s only madrasa functioning as a congregational mosque, open to non-Muslims—a rare gem in Fes el Bali. This architectural masterpiece gleams with exquisite zellij mosaics in geometric and floral motifs, carved cedarwood screens, stucco plasterwork, and a towering green-tiled minaret. The central courtyard, with its marble fountain, offers serene peace; the tranquillity of its courtyard is a balm in busy Fez, as I’ve discovered during visits to admire the Quranic inscriptions.

Significance: A pinnacle of Marinid art, it educated scholars and remains a cultural icon in Fez’s scholarly legacy.

Tips: 20 MAD entry, open daily except prayer times; arrive early (8-9 AM) to avoid crowds. Modest dress required; opt for guided tours (50 MAD) to decode details.

Ibn Danan Synagogue

Constructed in the 17th century by merchant Mimoun Ben Sidan in Fez’s Mellah quarter (established in 1438), the Ibn Danan Synagogue is one of North Africa’s oldest, having been restored in 1999 by UNESCO and Moroccan authorities. Named after Rabbi Shlomo Ibn Danan, it reflects Morocco’s thriving Jewish community, which once peaked at 250,000, with simple yet elegant features such as a bimah, Torah ark, wooden benches, a women’s gallery, and an underground mikveh. Hidden in back alleys, visiting reminds me of Fez’s layered histories coexisting harmoniously—a poignant relic of multicultural past.

Significance: Symbolises Jewish-Moroccan ties and contributions, preserved amid migrations.

Tips: 20 MAD entry, open daily; use a guide for navigation and context. Respectful attire is essential; it’s best to wear it when taking Jewish heritage tours to appreciate its role in Fez’s diverse narrative.

Rue des Merinides

Rue des Merinides leads to the 14th-century Merenid Tombs, a ruined necropolis located on a hill north of the Medina, which served as royal burial grounds for the Marinid dynasty (13th-15th centuries). Weathered remnants, including domed mausoleums and carved stones, offer historical insights into medieval funerary practices set amid olive groves. The site’s allure lies in its panoramic views over Fez’s Medina, minarets, and the Atlas Mountains—ideal for photography and contemplation. The sunset here is magical, with the city glowing as the day fades; I’ve hiked up for that inspiring serenity, though note that renovations may limit access in 2025.

Significance: A vantage reflecting Fez’s evolution, blending ruin with revelation.

Tips: Free entry is available via a short, uphill walk from Bab Guissa; sturdy shoes are recommended for uneven terrain. Visit late in the afternoon, avoiding after dark; combine with Borj Nord for fortified vistas.

Nejjarine Museum

Housed in an 18th-century fondouk (caravanserai) that was restored and opened as a museum in 1998, the Nejjarine Museum celebrates Morocco’s rich tradition of wooden arts and crafts from the 14th to 18th centuries. The collections feature over 300 artefacts, including carved doors, musical instruments, prayer beads, furniture, and tools, showcasing cedar mastery in Amazigh and Andalusian styles. The three-story building features a stunning courtyard with zellij and stucco, as well as a rooftop terrace offering medina views and a café. The decor and exhibits provide insights into Moroccan heritage; climbing to the roof for vistas is essential, as is a mint tea break.

Significance: Preserves vanishing crafts in a UNESCO setting.

Tips: 20-25 MAD entry, open daily from 10 AM to 6 PM; allow 1 hour. Mid-morning best; photography allowed. Enjoy the café—perfect respite in the Medina.

Overview of Attractions in Fez

Unveiling Fez’s Hidden Treasures

Beyond the main sights, Fez’s hidden treasures abound. Fez’s hidden treasures, such as the Al-Attarine Madrasa or the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss II, offer quieter reflections. On one trip, I stumbled upon a weaver’s workshop – the rhythmic clack of looms and stories shared over tea were pure joy. For eco-conscious explorers, seek out sustainable artisanal co-ops that support local crafts without exploitation.

A quiet, hidden courtyard in Fez, perfect for cultural immersion.

Don’t miss day trips: Chefchaouen’s blue hues are a photographer’s dream. Wander its streets for hours – I did, camera in hand, captivated. We can arrange overnights too via our walking tours.

Indulge in Fez’s Culinary Delights

A vibrant Fez mural at Nur Restaurant featuring dancers, a tutu-clad child and a cat on pedestals against red arches.

Fez’s food scene is fabulous – featuring rooftop eateries, street stalls, trendy cafés, and fine dining establishments. Book ahead for spots like Nur or Ruined Garden; their tagines and pastillas are divine. Street food? Try bissara or harira for authentic bites. During my stays, I’ve savoured rooftop dinners with medina views – unforgettable. For a cultural twist, join a cooking class; it’s a fun way to learn traditional Moroccan recipes.

1. Start with mint tea – it’s everywhere and refreshing.
2. Sample tagine varieties: chicken with olives is a classic.
3. End with pastries like chebakia – sweet and sticky.

Guided Tours and Day Trips from Fez

Guided Fez Medina tours reveal its secrets. All you need: sturdy shoes, a hat, and sun cream. Our walking and trekking options suit all. Venture to Meknes or Volubilis for Roman ruins – history buffs, this is a treasure trove. Or Chefchaouen for blue-washed charm. We handle arrangements for seamless Morocco holidays in Fez.

Practical Tips for Your Fez Morocco Holiday

• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March-May) or autumn (September-November) for mild weather.
• Getting Around: Walk the Medina; taxis for outer areas. Hire guides to avoid getting lost.
• Packing Essentials: Light layers, comfortable shoes, a scarf for mosques, and a reusable water bottle for eco-friendliness.
• Eco Tips: Support sustainable riads, avoid plastic, choose local crafts.

For Fez packing, consider the Medina’s cobbles – no heels! And respect customs: modest dress in religious sites.

Suggested 3-Day Itinerary in Fez

This itinerary strikes a balance between sights and downtime, solving the ‘what to do’ puzzle for first-time visitors.

Street Map of Fez, Morocco

Why Fez Should Be on Your Morocco Holidays List

Fez captivates with its imperial heritage, rich cultural heritage, and adventurous spirit. From Medina mazes to culinary feasts, it’s a journey that enriches the soul. Ready for your Fez, Morocco adventure? Book your personalised tour now and let us craft your dream escape. Share your thoughts below – what’s your must-do in Fez?

For more inspiration, check our Marrakech tours or Chefchaouen excursions.

External resources: UNESCO Medina of Fez, Lonely Planet Fez Guide.

Written by Moroccan Journeys

Rebecca grew up in Africa and has spent her life travelling and working in the UK and around the world in both the corporate and personal development fields. She is the co-founder of Moroccan Journeys, alongside Mohamed Elhaoissi, and resides in both the UK and Morocco. She believes in the conscious management of business and the importance of personal growth. Rebecca is also a Reiki Master Teacher and runs Intensive Reiki Journeys in the Sahara Desert. She spends her free time exploring the untouched parts of Morocco to ensure Moroccan Journeys is eclectic and unique in its offering.